A look at the PCRF in EPC Networks, and the Charging Rules that lay at the heart of it all.
Category: RFCs & Standards
How much overhead is used to send the message “K” back to an SMS?
Using Kamailio with a Diameter Routing Agent
An overview of the who, how and why of Non-IP Data Deliver in NB-IoT cellular services.
A look at why we’d want to apply translations to Diameter AVPs inside a Diameter Routing Agent
Diving back into the world of Diameter Routing Agents with a look at the logic that defines how a DRA routes traffic from one place to another.
An introduction to Diameter Routing Agents, covering what is a DRA is and why you need them in your life / network.
Second part in our MMS series, in this one we look at Mobile Terminated MMS.
Recently I had a strange issue I thought I’d share. Using Kamailio as an Interrogating-CSCF, Kamailio was getting the S-CSCF details from the User-Authorization-Answer’s “Server-Name” (602) AVP. The value was set to: sip:scscf.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org:5060 But the I-CSCF was only looking up A-Records for scscf.mnc001.mcc001.3gppnetwork.org, not using DNS-SRV. The problem? The Server-Name I had configured as a […]
A deep dive into Mobile Originated MMS via the MM1 Interface
A brief look at International Signaling Point Code numbering and what it all means.
Getting from Point Code A to Point Code Z.
Setting up our GNS3 environment with a bunch of SS7 Nodes
Looking at the basic components that make up our SS7 Networks.
Taking a look at the basics of the SS7 Protocol Stack.
A look at attack vectors the NRF opens up in #5G Core networks, and the mitigations recommended by 3GPP.
Looking for Love in the 5G Core?
Let’s look at our matchmaker – The Network Repository Function in 5G Core.
There’s no such thing as a free lunch, and 5G is the same – services running through a 5G Standalone core need to be billed. In 5G Core Networks, the SMF (Session Management Function) reaches out to the CHF (Charging Function) to perform online charging, via the Nchf_ConvergedCharging Service Based Interface (aka reference point). Like […]
A glimpse into the complexities of prepaid billing (Online Charging) Diameter based networks.
A look at how the HSS can update the profile of an already in-use subscription using Insert Subscriber Data Request/Response.