Categories
5G SA Mobile Networks

GTP Extension Headers (PDU session user plane protocol) in 5GC

How GTP is extended in 5G Core Networks to support extra QoS functionality like Reflective QoS and Delay Indicators

Categories
EPC LTE Mobile Networks

LTE EPC: Serving Gateway (S-GW) Basic Function

Basic processes and functions of the LTE EPC Serving Gateway (S-GW).

Categories
5G SA EPC LTE Mobile Networks

CUPS – Control and User Plane Separation in LTE & NR with PFCP (Sx & N4)

A look at PFCP for the Sx and N4 Interfaces

Categories
EPC GSM LTE Mobile Networks Uncategorized

Getting TEID up with GTP Tunnels

What’s the deal with Tunnel Endpoint Identifiers and what do they do?

Categories
GSM Mobile Networks RF

GSM with Osmocom: GPRS & Packet Data

So far we’ve focused on building a plain “2G” (voice and SMS only) network, which was all consumers expected twenty years ago. As the number of users accessing the internet through DSL, Dial Up & ISDN grew, the idea of getting this data “on the go” became more appealing. TCP/IP was becoming the dominant standard […]

Categories
EPC LTE Mobile Networks Python RFCs & Standards

GTPv2 – F-TEID Interface Types

A quick look at the Interface Types in the F-TIED field in GTPv2

Categories
EPC LTE Mobile Networks RFCs & Standards

Why GTP for Mobile Networks?

Why and How GTP is used in LTE networks to carry user data.

Categories
EPC EUTRAN LTE Mobile Networks Notes RF

IMTx: NET02x (4G Network Essentials) – Management of Data Flows – 7. NAS and Global View of Protocol Stack

These are my lecture notes from IMT’s NET02x (4G Network Essentials) course, I thought I’d post them here as they may be useful to someone. You can find my complete notes here. The LTE architecture compartmentalises the roles in the mobile network. For example the eNB concentrates on radio connection management, while the MME focuses […]

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EPC EUTRAN LTE Mobile Networks Notes RF

IMTx: NET02x (4G Network Essentials) – Management of Data Flows – 5/6. S1AP Connection

These are my lecture notes from IMT’s NET02x (4G Network Essentials) course, I thought I’d post them here as they may be useful to someone. You can find my complete notes here. Each MME can manage millions of UEs. To handle this load the requirements of each subscriber for the MME must be as minimal […]

Categories
EPC EUTRAN LTE Mobile Networks RF

IMTx: NET02x (4G Network Essentials) – Management of Data Flows – 4. Transmitting Packets in a Tunnel

These are my lecture notes from IMT’s NET02x (4G Network Essentials) course, I thought I’d post them here as they may be useful to someone. You can find my complete notes here. Establishing a GTP Tunnel When a new tunnel is setup between two nodes, GTP-C will be used to setup the tunnel and the […]

Categories
EPC EUTRAN LTE Mobile Networks Notes RF

IMTx: NET02x (4G Network Essentials) – Management of Data Flows – 3. Identifying & Managing Tunnels

These are my lecture notes from IMT’s NET02x (4G Network Essentials) course, I thought I’d post them here as they may be useful to someone. You can find my complete notes here. As we’ve talked about traffic to and from UEs is encapsulated in GTP-U tunnels, with the idea that by encapsulating data destined for […]

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EPC EUTRAN LTE Mobile Networks Notes RF

IMTx: NET02x (4G Network Essentials) – Management of Data Flows – 2. GTP Protocol

These are my lecture notes from IMT’s NET02x (4G Network Essentials) course, I thought I’d post them here as they may be useful to someone. You can find my complete notes here. When a packet arrives from an external network, like the internet, it is routed to the P-GW. The P-GW takes this packet and […]

Categories
EPC EUTRAN LTE Mobile Networks RF

IMTx: NET02x (4G Network Essentials) – Management of Data Flows – 1. Principle of Encapsulation

These are my lecture notes from IMT’s NET02x (4G Network Essentials) course, I thought I’d post them here as they may be useful to someone. You can find my complete notes here. Mobile networks are by definition, mobile. In a fixed network, if I were to connect my laptop to my network at home, I’d […]