Kamailio Bytes – Databases
Nick Using SQLops and db_mysql to read and write data from relational databases in Kamailo's routing logic
2019
Kamailio Bytes – xHTTP
Using Kamailio's xHTTP module to take HTTP requests and control Kamailio's logic
Kamailio Bytes – Geoip2
Using GeoIP2 module to trace source of traffic and use that for routing in Kamailio
Diameter Routing Agents (DRA)
Basics of DRAs
The Sad story of ENUM in Australia
ENUM was going to change telephone routing. No longer would you need to pay a carrier to take your calls across the PSTN, but rather through the use of DNS…
PyHSS – Python 3GPP LTE Home Subscriber Server
I recently started working on an issue that I’d seen was to do with the HSS response to the MME on an Update Location Answer. I took some Wireshark traces…
Kamailio Bytes – Routing to geo local RTPengine Instances with Kamailio
Using Kamailio to route traffic to the nearest geographical RTPengine instance for lowest latency/best experience.
SIP Extensions – History Info
What History Info does and how it looks
PyRTP – Simple RTP Library for Python
Basic usage of a Python RTP library I wrote
Diameter Packet Structure
The packet structure of Diameter
Diameter Basics
A primer to the Diameter protocol and it's usage.
Qos in LTE (4G) – ARP
ARP in LTE is not the Ethernet standard for address resolution, but rather the Allocation and Retention Policy. A scenario may arise where on a congested cell another bearer is…
QoS in LTE (4G) – MBR/AMBR/APN-MBR
MBR stands for Maximum Bit Rate, and it defines the maximum rate traffic can flow between a UE and the network. It can be defined on several levels: MBR per…
QoS in LTE (4G) – QCI
The QCI (Quality Class Indicator) is a value of 0-9 to denote the service type and the maximum delays, packet loss and throughput the service requires. Different data flows have…
QoS in LTE (4G) – GBR & Non-GBR Bearers
GBR is a confusing concept at the start when looking at LTE but it’s actually kind of simple when we break it down. GBR stands for Guaranteed Bit Rate, meaning…
SCTP in Python
I’ve written in the past about SCTP – Stream Control Transmission Protocol, talking about it’s advantages and how to implement it in Kamailio. If you’d like to write your own…
NAT solutions used in VoIP
NAT is still common in Voice networks, and while we’re all awaiting the full scale adoption of IPv6, it’s still going to be a thing for some time. I thought…
Numbering Systems in Australia: E.164 vs 0-NDC-SN
Description of E.164 and 0-NDC-SN numbering used in Australia
Forsk Atoll – WMS Map Tiles
Adding online map tiles in Forsk Atoll
Transcoding with RTPengine and Kamailio
Using RTPengine and Kamailio to transcode